EMI Site Survey

An EMI site survey is an independent assessment of the potential Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) risks that might interfere with an implantable electrical device such as a pacemaker or defibrillator. The assessment should be completed by a qualified and accredited independent test lab such as Keystone Compliance and in collaboration with the employer, manufacturer of the device, patient and physician. A site survey is conducted by taking various electromagnetic measurements throughout the facility. Keystone Compliance uses a broad range of industry-accepted standards and specifications to determine which electromagnetic fields exist. Following completion of the on-site survey, Keystone Compliance provides the customers with a detailed site survey report that will help identify EMI sources and zones with the potential to interact with an implantable electrical device. This information should then be shared with the physician and employer to develop an action plan to reduce potential negative effects to the patient’s health.

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EMC Testing

Keystone Compliance

Keystone Compliance is a unique EMC test facility because of our focus on assisting our customers achieve the measurements and certifications that they are seeking. Our lab features three 3-meter EMC chambers and two military/aerospace EMC chambers. In addition to the chambers, the lab significant ground planes, equipment and software that optimize the efficiency of the testing. EMC TestingKeystone Compliance is a unique EMC test facility because of our focus on assisting our customers achieve the measurements and certifications that they are seeking. Our lab features three 3-meter EMC chambers and two military/aerospace EMC chambers. In addition to the chambers, the lab significant ground planes, equipment and software that optimize the efficiency of the testing.Our EMC/EMI testing capabilities include but are not limited to:Radiated immunity testing up to 200 V/m from 10 kHz to 40 GHzRadiated emissions testing up to 40 GHzSurge testing to 10kV/10kA – and higherElectrostatic Discharge “ESD” testing up to 30 kVConducted immunity testing to levels well above the highest defined “standard” levelsMagnetic field immunity testing up to 100 A/m continuous and 1000 A/m short/impulseCustomized transient waveforms to extend level, duration and/or repetition of the standard’s definitionShielding Effectiveness from small panels and boxes all the way up to large enclosures and cabling, with a wide dynamic range all the way to 40 GHzWhat differentiates Keystone Compliance from other EMI test labs is our consultative engineering and expedited EMI test reports. Our staff understand EMC/EMI testing and has extensive experience with radiated immunity, radiated emissions, conducted immunity, conducted emissions, surge, ESD and shielding effectiveness testing. We also cater to specialized testing requirements. If you do not see the test standard or testing requirement you are looking for, please contact us as we may still be able to assist you.For more information about our scope of accreditation, please visit the links below.CISPR StandardsIEC/EN Product Family StandardsIEC/EN Test StandardsISO, SAE and Vehicle StandardsMilitary StandardsFCC, North American and International StandardsShielding Effectiveness TestingLightning and Surge Testing

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Shielding Effectiveness Test

Keystone Compliance

Shielding effectiveness testing determines the ability of material to reduce the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive and/or magnetic materials. Shielding effectiveness testing can be applied to a broad range of radio frequencies. Electromagnetic Shielding is typically applied to both enclosures and cables. The shielding can reduce the coupling or radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. The amount of reduction can vary based on the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest. Also impacting the effectiveness of the shielding is the size, shape and orientation or apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as RF Shielding.

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Lightning Testing and Surge Immunity Testing

Keystone Compliance

Keystone Compliance offers engineering services for standard and custom lightning transient immunity testing requirements and surge immunity testing requirements. Lightning testing can be completed in single-stroke, multiple-stroke and multiple-burst testing. Direct lightning testing is typically required for exterior aircraft systems. Indirect lightning testing is required for most aircraft electronics, both internal and external. Indirect lightning simulates secondary currents and voltages that travel through circuitry and cabling. The testing is also referred to as a surge immunity test.

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Electrostatic Discharge Testing / ESD Testing

Keystone Compliance

Electrostatic discharge testing, also known as ESD testing is an essential test for many product. Electrostatic discharge can cause a number of problems including but not limited to mechanical failures, coal dust explosions, fuel vapor explosions and bodily injury. ESD is the sudden transfer of electricity between to electrically charged objects. This electrostatic transfer can be caused by contact, dielectric breakdown or an electrical short. ESD testing simulates various electrostatic impacts that equipment might experience either during transit or operation. The impact of electrostatic discharge can be significant whether the ESD even is so slight that is undetectable by hearing or sight or as spectacular as electrical sparks or lightning. An electrostatic discharge test determines whether a product is in compliance with its ESD protective area and procedures. Electronics manufacturers must identify ESD-reducing measures when their products are either susceptible to ESD or likely to create ESD. These measures can include establishing electrostatic protective areas that are free of static, controlling humidity, using measures to eliminate charging such as avoiding highly charging materials and taking steps to remove static such as grounding human workers or requiring antistatic devices. An ESD test confirms that the equipment correctly operates per the test requirement and the manufacturer’s operating procedures.

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Electromagnetic Pulse

EMP - Keystone Compliance

An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a short burst of electromagnetic energy that can be extremely damaging to electronic equipment. EMP energy can be transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation, an electric field, electrical conduction or a magnetic field. Since EMPs have a short duration, their impact can occur across large ranges of frequencies. EMPs can be produced naturally, occur from man-made equipment. Natural EMPs include lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges (ESD), geomagnetic storms/coronal mass ejections of solar origin. Man-made EMPs include power line surges, pulses created by ignition systems, nuclear electromagnetic pulses (NEMP) and non-nuclear electromagnetic pulses (NNEMP).

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EMI Site Survey

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EMC Testing

Shielding Effectiveness Test

Lightning Testing and Surge Immunity Testing

Electrostatic Discharge Testing / ESD Testing

Electromagnetic Pulse