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Water
llquid state of H2O. AKA: H2O
See Also: Water Quality, Water Meters, H2O, Wastewater, Underwater, Water Spray, Water Leak, Water Flow, Sea, Subsea, ADCP, Hydrogen, Oxygen, River, Ocean, Farm, Aquarium, ICE
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Digital Sensors
PMA-Series
Solar Light’s NIST-Traceable PMA-Series Digital Sensors represent the pinnacle of accuracy, durability, and selection on the market today. Our sensors measure discrete bands of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UVA, UVB, UVA+B, UVC, Visible Light, and Infrared regions. Both narrow and broad bands are available to fit any application, including germicidal requirements, environmental probes, and sensors for biologically weighted spectra (such as the erythema and CIE action spectra.) Over 135 different sensors are available in a variety of packages to fit any environment, from indoor clean rooms to harsh locations outdoors to 100 meters under water. Please note that Solar Light offers both Digital Sensors and Analog Sensors in the PMA-Series lineup. Select these Digital Sensors if you prefer to plug into our PMA-Series Radiometers to read the output of the sensor on the meter’s display. Digital models are typically used as discrete sensors that are portable and located to provide short term information. (By contrast, please select Analog Sensors if you don’t need a digital display output of the reading, if you will be connecting to your own datalogger, or if you plan to use a voltage source to provide excitation voltage to the sensor and a digital volt or amp meter to read and convert the results. Analog Sensors are typically used as process sensors that are permanently installed to provide ongoing information.)
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GeoSwath Module
The GeoSwath Plus Sonar Module contains a wide-swath bathymetric sonar suitable for a range of survey and inspection tasks. The GeoSwath Plus is a 500kHz interferometric sonar, or phase detecting bathymetric sonar (PDBS) from Kongsberg GeoAcoustics. Boat-mounted GeoSwath sonars are used worldwide for high accuracy surveys including port and harbour navigation and environmental mapping: the Gavia’s GeoSwath module makes this capability available in a commercial AUV. The GeoSwath Plus offers: wide swath coverage of up to 12 times the AUV altitude when near the seabed; integrated bathymetry with simultaneous true digital side scan; high depth resolution suitable for IHO survey standards; as well as the accuracy and repeatability of a boat-mount hydrographic survey system. Like most of the survey-grade sensors on the Gavia AUV, the GeoSwath data is time-synchronised with the AUV master clock using the vehicle PPS/ZDA system. Benefits of the GeoSwath AUV module include ease of deployment, ease of use, reducing survey time, and the ability to take a 500kHz high-resolution sonar down to targets in 1000m of water. The GeoSwath Plus post-processing software (provided as standard with the system) allows a user to inspect and process the data, create and inspect digital terrain models, and create basic sonar mosaics. Several other commercial post-processing software packages are also available, please ask for details. Note that for best results the GeoSwath Module should be deployed with a direct-reading sound velocity sensor (option) in the Control Module, and one of the high-accuracy INS/DVL Navigation Modules for motion sensing.
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Non Destructive Testing (NDT)
NDT covers a wide group of testing techniques used to evaluate the properties of a material, part, product, weld or system without causing damage. NDT carried out at KLL includes:Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT) is used for the detection of surface breaking discontinuities on magnetic and non-magnetic metallic materials.Fluorescent and colour contrast penetrants are available to be used in the following methods:-Water washableSolvent removablePost emulsifiableMagnetic Particle Inspection (MT/MPI) is used for the detection of surface breaking and slightly sub-surface (up to 2mm) discontinuities.Bench type crack detectors and portable units are employed producing various waveforms (i.e. A.C, HWDC and induced magnetic flow) to give both circular and longitudinal magnetism.On-site testing is carried out using electro magnetic yokes and permanent magnets producing induced magnetic flow.Ultrasonic Flaw Detection (UT), also known as Ultrasonic Inspection, is used for the detection of volumetric discontinuities in ferrous and non-ferrous products (forgings and castings etc.), and welds in magnetic and non-magnetic materials.UT is capable of penetrating metals, dependent on the material characteristics, up to 10m in length.Some thickness and depth checks can also be carried out using ultrasound.Radiography services are available through sub-contract booked in advance. Notice is required for on-site work.Personnel are available at short notice for in-house or on-site work in the UK and overseas.All inspectors undertaking non destructive testing (LPT, MT/MPI and UT) are qualified to, and meet a minimum of, PCN Level 2.PCN Level 3 supervision is available in-house for LPT, MT/MPI, UT offering consultancy services including procedure writing and commentary, auditing of techniques and Level 3 Supervisor cover.We can assist clients in product qualification, material testing, quality assurance and audit programmes.
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High Temperature Self-Supporting Furnace Extensometers (1200 C)
Model 3448
Jinan Testing Equipment IE Corporation
Epsilon developed this unique high temperature extensometer for testing metals, ceramics, and composites at the high temperatures produced by furnaces and induction heating systems. A combination of features make these extensometers easier to use and better in performance than other similar high temperature extensometers.The units are held on the specimen by light, flexible ceramic fiber cords. These make the extensometer self-supporting on the specimen. No furnace mounting brackets are required. The side load on the test sample is greatly reduced because of the self-supporting design and light weight of the sensor. Most materials testing furnaces with a side cut-out for an extensometer will readily accept a Model 3448. For induction heating systems, a different ceramic cord placement allows the extensometer to easily pass between the coils.The combination of radiant heat shields and convection cooling fins allow this model to be used at specimen temperatures up to 1200℃ (2200°F) without any cooling. An optional tiny air fan does enhance stability at the highest temperatures and is recommended for the highest accuracy and for tests with small elongations. The fan comes with a magnetic base for support so it can be mounted at any convenient location near the extensometer. Fan cooling is not generally needed for induction heated systems. High purity alumina ceramic rods are used. These are available in lengths as required to fit your furnace. A spare set is included with every extensometer. Specify chisel, vee chisel or conical contact points as desired.Most units operate equally well in tension and compression. Thus tensile, compression and cyclic tests like low cycle fatigue can all be performed with a single unit.For vacuum furnaces, special models are available. Epsilon can also provide a radiant heat transfer cooled version. This requires that the extensometer module be surrounded by a water cooled enclosure with a front slot for the ceramic rods.
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Temperature Meters
PCE Instruments’ temperature meter products are precise, portable, handheld devices ideal for professional, industrial, commercial and residential use. From contact temperature meter devices with probes to noncontact temperature meter devices using infrared or laser technology to measure temperature from a distance, PCE Instruments offers a wide range of accurate, reliable temperature meter products at an affordable price.Temperature is measured and recorded in many different applications. For example, HVAC technicians measure temperature to identify and address issues in heating or cooling systems, while quality control professionals in the food sector measure temperature to ensure the proper storage and preparation of everything from meat and produce to cheese and frozen foods. PCE Instruments carries a variety of temperature meter products, including temperature meter devices to measure different temperature ranges between -200 and 1767ºC / -328 ... 3212ºF; temperature meter devices that can indicate temperature in °C (Celsius), °K (Kelvin) and °F (Fahrenheit); and temperature meter devices that are water resistant. In addition, a number of thermal elements and type-K sensors are available for different temperature meter products.Each temperature meter comes factory calibrated to ensure accurate measurement. ISO-certified calibration, performed by one of our first-class calibration laboratory partners, may be obtained on most temperature meter models for an additional fee.A temperature meter is an instrument used to measure the temperature of beings or things. The most widely recognized temperature meter is a mercury thermometer used to measure the temperature of people. These thermometers consist of a graduated glass capillary with a pool of mercury in one end. However, there are many different types of temperature meters, such as digital thermometers that take temperature measurements on contact with an object or infrared temperature meters that take measurements at distance, without contact.
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Paper Moisture Meters
A paper moisture meter measures the humidity of paper and paper products. Use of a paper moisture meter can prevent costly damages resulting from paper expansion or shrinking. A paper moisture meter determines paper moisture content based on either absolute humidity or relative humidity. Absolute humidity does not take into consideration temperature, while relative humidity relies on temperature and is expressed as a percentage of the total amount of moisture possible at the current temperature. Thus, many paper moisture meter devices feature automatic temperature compensation (ATC).For paper producers, paper manufacturers, paper mills and others in the pulp and paper industry, moisture and humidity control is essential, especially during the production process, as excessive moisture can lead to warming of the paper rolls. A paper moisture meter can be used to detect moisture streaks during the paper production process as well as to identify optimal drying times.Regardless of whether paper is stored in paper rolls in paper converting plants or stacked in sheets and paper bales in commercial printing warehouses, the porous surface of paper gradually takes in moisture relative to the humidity of the surrounding environment. This moisture can be problematic, as too much moisture can cause curling, buckling or the formation of waves in otherwise flat paper products. Moisture also can prevent inks, dyes, paints and coatings from covering and saturating paper properly during printing and processing.PCE Instruments (PCE) offers digital handheld moisture meter devices for measuring the moisture content of paper and paper products such as cardboard, paperboard, corrugated boxes, craft paper, wrapping paper, brown packaging paper, butcher paper, recycled paper, coated paper and more. Different paper moisture meter models utilize different paper moisture measuring techniques, performing moisture content tests of paper products via either destructive or nondestructive methods. Typically, a standard pinless paper moisture meter is nonpenetrating, thus allowing for the nondestructive measurement of paper water content.
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CHNO Combustion Services
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen are determined using a 2400 Perkin-Elmer CHN Analyzer. This analyzer uses combustion to convert the sample elements to simple gasses, i.e. CO2, H2O, & N2. Upon entering the analyzer, the sample is combusted in pure oxygen environment at temperatures in the range of 1200-1500 F. The product gasses are separated under steady state conditions, and measured as a function of thermal conductivity.
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CO2, H2O And O2 Analyzer
EGA41
Affordable, portable, bench-top, triple gas analyzer with integral data logging to SD memory card.
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Draft Range Trasmitter
DR800
The Validyne Model DR800 Draft Range Transmitter is designed exclusively for very low pressure measurement needs. It has a "true" full-scale range as low as 0.25" H2O, making it ideal for air flow control applications. It can be turned down to 0.1" H2O; higher full-scale ranges to 100" H2O are available. The DR800 offers 0.5% accuracy and an operating temperature range of -20F to +185F. The total combined temperature effects are less than 3%/100F.
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Product Range
Solus
Introducing Protea's new range of laser gas analysers - Solus. The Solus platform represents an extension of Protea's spectroscopic gas analysis equipment into laser based technology, allowing for highly selective, quick response and low range measurements of 1 or 2 gases in a cost-effective, re-configurable package. Solus utilises the latest in Tunable Laser Diode Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), together with the best in micromachining technology, to deliver a precisely controlled narrow wavelength that can be tuned over a small range. The narrow linewidth allows for selection of precise spectral absorbance in the NIR region, free from cross-interferences of other absorbing gases. For some tuning ranges, a number of gases can be measured by tuning a single laser diode e.g. NH3 and H2O.
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Ultra Low Pressure Transmitter
P532
Validyne's P532 Pressure Transmitters are ideally suited for measuring extremely low liquid and gas pressures in industrial applications. Full-scale differential pressure ranges from 0.10 H2O to 2 H2O with line pressure rating of 100 psig, and ranges of 2 H2O to 3200 psid with line pressures up to 3200 psig are offered. Gauge pressure ranges start at 0.10 H2O and absolute pressure from 0.08 psia full-scale. This unique design, which utilizes a diaphragm-type variable reluctance pressure sensor, provides many outstanding advantages including:
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SPM Monitor
CS-150
The CS-150 is a high-precision chemical concentration monitor designed for use with the SPM solutions used in semiconductor-manufacturing cleaning processes. Featuring fast response and a compact size, the CS-150 continually monitors the concentrations of the various components of the SPM solutions (H2SO4/H2O2/H2O) used to remove metal ions and organic substances. Feedback control based on the monitor output is used to keep the concentrations of the SPM solutions within the allowable ranges and to eliminate unnecessary replacement of chemicals.A short measuring cycle allows the accurate tracking of chemical concentrations, while the compact design facilitates integration with a cleaning device.
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Low Range Low Cost OEM Differential Pressure Transducer
P17
The P17 OEM Low Range Low Cost pressure transducer features high sensitivity to very low pressures with full scales available down to 0.1 In H2O. Output signal is 5 Vdc and power can be +5 to +28 Vdc. Zero and Span adjustments are included. The P17 has a robust steel sensor construction.
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Compact Baking System
LSC series
HORIBA's best-selling baking system has been developed to meet the requirements of today’s high technology industries. Without the need of a carrier gas, the system can provide stable vaporization of materials such as TEOS (at a rate of 600 SCCM) and H2O (at a rate of 2 SLM). For ease of access all device maintenance can be performed from the front of the unit.
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CO2 And H2O Monitor
EGA30
A highly stable monitoring system that measures CO2 to 1ppm in a range of 0-2000ppm, and H20 to 1% relative humidity in a range of 0-100% relative humidity. The instrument is designed for long-term monitoring.
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Very Low Pressure Variable Reluctance Sensor
DP103
The Validyne DP103 is designed for exceedingly low differential pressure measurement applications where high accuracy is required under rough physical conditions. With full scale ranges down to -0.008 psid (-0.56cm H2O), this instrument is being used in the measurement of very low flow rates of gases where symmetrical pressure cavities are required for dynamic response. It is also used in very small leak detection and pressure null detection systems.
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TMAH/H2O2 Monitor
CS-139E
The CS-139E is for TMAH/H2O2 solutions in the cleaning process in semiconductor manufacturing, and monitors the concentration of chemical solutions with high precision. Achieve unprecedented high-speed responsiveness and compactness. The concentration of each component of the TMAH/H2O2 solution (TMAH/H2O2/H2O), which is used as an alternative SC-1 for the removal of particles and organic matter, is constantly monitored. By feedback control employing monitor output, it is possible to keep the concentration of TMAH/H2O2 solution within the allowable range while eliminating unnecessary chemical solution exchange. In addition, a lineup of integrated coolers is also available, covering a wide range of sample temperatures.
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HF/HNO3 Monitor
CS-153N
The CS-153N is a high-precision chemical solution concentration monitor designed to meet the strict demands of semiconductor wet-etching processes. Etching processes use HF/HNO3 solution to etch silicon oxide and remove particles from the wafer surface. The CS-153N continually monitors each component of the HF/HNO3 solution (HF/HNO3/H2O), alerting the user each time the solution is replaced or replenished. This allows you to maintain the concentration of the HF/HNO3 solution within the tolerance range, while eliminating unnecessary solution replacement.
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SC-1 Monitor
CS-131
The CS-131 is a high-precision chemical concentration monitor designed for use with SC-1 solutions used in cleaning processes during semiconductor manufacturing. It offers a faster response speed in a more compact size than anything available to date. The CS-131 monitors the concentrations of the individual components of the SC-1 solutions (NH3/H2O2/H2O) which is widely used to remove particles and organic substances. The monitor has a number of outputs which can be utilized to keep the concentrations of the individual elements of the SC-1 solutions within the allowable ranges; this eliminates unnecessary replacement of chemicals potentially increasing bath life time and reducing chemical cost. In addition, a model with an integrated cooling unit is available, allowing accommodation of a broader range of sample temperatures.
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BHF Concentration Monitor
CS-137
The CS-137 is a high-precision chemical solution concentration monitor designed to meet the strict demands of semiconductor wet-etching processes. Etching processes use BHF solution to etch silicon oxide and remove particles from the wafer surface. The CS-137 continually monitors each component of the BHF solution (NH4F/HF/H2O), alerting the user each time the solution is replaced or replenished. This allows you to maintain the concentration of the BHF solution within the required component ranges, while eliminating unnecessary solution replacement.
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Variable Reluctance Pressure Sensor Capable of Range Changes
DP15
An easy-to-replace pressure-sensing diaphragm maximizes the system's functionality by making pressure measurements from 2.22" H2O to 3200 psi in one compact unit. Rugged and reliable, the DP15 pressure sensor provides superior accuracy for measuring low-pressure liquids and gasses, while it withstands the abuse of field and laboratory testing. The ability to change full scale ranges make the DP15 a very cost effective solution for applications that need different pressure ranges or university labs.
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CH4/CO2/H2O Trace Gas Analyzer
LI-7810
The LI-7810 CH4/CO2/H2O Trace Gas Analyzer offers high performance methane measurements in a durable, portable design. This makes the LI-7810 a great fit for survey or long-term measurements of soil CH4 fluxes.
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N2O/H2O Trace Gas Analyzer
LI-7820
The LI-7820 N2O/H2O Trace Gas Analyzer offers high-precision nitrous oxide measurements in a low power, portable design—enabling it to easily integrate into survey and long-term soil flux systems. Pair it with the LI-7810 CH4/CO2/H2O Trace Gas Analyzer or LI-870 CO2/H2O Analyzer for CO2 and CH4 measurements at your site.
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Eddy Covariance Systems
LI-COR eddy covariance systems measure the exchange of CO2, H2O, CH4 , and energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere, empowering researchers to advance scientific understanding of climate and ecosystem dynamics.
